Unveiling binder-free hierarchically interlinked MoS₂ nanosheet integrated Co₉S₈ nanosheet in a nanohybrid architecture framework coupled with in-situ anion exchange engineering from its corresponding oxygen counterparts for advanced supercapacitor

Engineering hybrid nanoarchitecture materials, which feature meticulously designed hierarchical frameworks and components, represents a highly effective approach to meeting the demanding performance requirements of supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, we present a simple and affordable anion exchange strategy to tailor a unique, multifaceted transition metal chalcogenide of MoS₂ integrated with Co₉S₈ (CMS) nanohybrid hierarchical framework grown on a porous Ni-foam substrate, serving as a free-standing electrode for SC. It examines the effect of anion exchange processes on electrochemical performance, demonstrating significant enhancements in various metrics. The CMS nanohybrid material exhibits a hierarchical architecture along with outstanding intrinsic conductivity, which collectively enhances its electrochemical performance and ion/charge transfer efficiency. This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects of the component, which facilitate more efficient electrochemical reactions and mitigate the volume expansion associated with charging and discharging. Interestingly, the CMS nanohybrid electrode exhibits an impressive specific capacitance of ∼1325 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, along with a substantial rate capability of ∼63.6 % at 20 A/g, significantly surpassing those of their hybrid metal oxide counterparts. Additionally, the hybrid supercapacitor comprising CMS and activated carbon achieved a specific capacitance of ∼246 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, a maximum energy density of ∼76.73 Wh kg⁻¹, and a power density of ∼19.06 kW kg⁻¹, while maintaining ∼91.7 % cycling stability after 12,000 cycles. Thus, this work could provide a framework for integrating advanced bimetallic chalcogenides to enhance energy storage performance.